The usefulness of diazepam in treating convulsions in OP poisoning has been accepted generally (Stocker, 1982 IPCS, 1986 Lund & Monteagudo, 1986 Eddleston et al., 2002). Consequently, the use of diazepam is an important part of the treatment regimen of severe OP poisoning to prevent, or reduce the duration of convulsions that might be expected to cause structural damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Hayes et al., 1978) in most series of organophosphate (OP) intoxications, they may have long-term neurological sequelae. Although convulsions are relatively uncommon (e.g. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION AND SYNTHESISĥ.2 Methods for identification of antidoteĥ.3 Methods for analysis of the antidote in biological fluidsĥ.4 Analysis of the toxic agent in biological samplesĨ.1.1 Studies with diazepam and other antidotesĨ.1.1.1 Studies involving OP compounds other than nerve agentsĨ.1.2.1 Studies involving OP compounds other than nerve agentsĨ.1.3 Effects on neurotransmitter systemsġ2.3 Other consequential or supportive therapyġ2.4 Controversial issues and areas of use where there is insufficient information to make recommendationġ3.4 Pharmaceutical incompatibilities and drug interactionsĭiazepam and certain other anticonvulsants were studied initially in the treatment of organophosphate-induced convulsions on a purely symptomatic basis. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 email: designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 fax: +41 email: ). Peer-reviewed by: Dr M Eddleston 1, Dr A Dawson 2 and Professor M Balali Mood 3Īll rights reserved. The views herein are those of the author, and cannot be taken to represent those of any UK Government Department or Agency.Įdited by: Nicola Bates, MSc, MA: National Poisons Information Service (London Centre), UK International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/ILO/UNEP)Īntidotes for Poisoning by Organophosphorus Pesticides DIAZEPAM
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